Philosophy

In this context, two groups of thinkers emerged that would profoundly shape Western thought: the sophists and Socrates. While the sophists were itinerant masters who taught rhetoric and argumentation aimed at personal and political success, Socrates sought a deeper understanding of truth and virtue through philosophical dialogue.

The pre-Socratic period was marked by intense philosophical speculation, with over a hundred thinkers actively contributing. Figures such as Heraclitus, Parmenides, and Pythagoras stand out, having explored fundamental questions about the nature of the world, the origin of things, and the principles that govern reality.

As an independent thinker who did not charge for his teachings, Socrates attracted brilliant and committed minds. His philosophy of clarity gained widespread respect, directly influencing Plato and Aristotle, whose ideas spread widely.

The sophists reflect the complexity of a period of political and social changes. Although controversial, they played an essential role in advancing critical thinking and education. Their ideas and methods remain subjects of study, illustrating the richness and diversity of ancient Greek thought.